从“镇”到“市”实现宁波新型城镇化嬗变

推进新型城镇化,小城镇的地位和作用至关重要,宁波必须以统筹城乡发展为重要抓手,不失时机地实现由“镇”到“城”的历史性跨越.可从宁波中心镇培育历程、困境与突破出发,指出宁波小城市培育必须以“以人为本”作为发展方向,以“城乡统筹”为根本路径,以“制度创新”为发展动力.     

Research agenda for low-carbon mobility: Issues for New World cities

ABSTRACT

Low-carbon mobility (LCM) features strongly in debates about the sustainability of cities and their resilience in the face of demographic, economic, and climate change. Transport is a major source of carbon emissions and there are indications that these continue to increase, despite the considerable recent advances in vehicle, engine, and fuel technologies. Reducing carbon emissions from transport may become more difficult, not easier. A particular issue relates to the New World cities, typified by those of North America and Australasia, which largely developed from the latter half of the nineteenth century onward and whose transportation systems were largely based around private vehicle ownership and usage. These cities are typically composed of low-density, dispersed suburbs, which are highly car dependent and resource and carbon emission intensive. This article develops a research agenda directed at determining and testing policy and planning measures relevant to the quest for low carbon mobility in New World cities. It suggests a rich agenda for essential research on LCM. Much of this agenda falls within the realm of the integration of transport and land use, with attention to urban design details to enhance the perceptions of and opportunities to use low carbon transport alternatives. Research topics identified for LCM research include (1) urban design and land use–transport integration (LUTI), (2) low carbon mobility policies directed at achieving widespread behavior change, (3) opportunities for new technology and its application, including requirements for systems and infrastructure, and (4) analysis and tools for informed decision making, including modeling, measurement, visualization, and especially assessment.     

Vicious advice: Analyzing the impact of TripAdvisor on the quality of restaurants as part of the cultural heritage of Venice

Venice is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world. In Venice, as in other middle-sized heritage European cities, strong tourism pressure is trapping the city in a vicious circle that is eroding the quality of its tourism attractions. This development is related to the growing numbers of excursionists who lack the time to make informed decisions about the quality of goods. Consequently, suppliers reduce the quality of their offerings and instead focus on market share. Consumer-generated media (CGM) may help resist this development by providing excursionists with aggregated, up-to-date information on the quality of tourism offerings as perceived by customers. In this paper, we investigate the efficiency of TripAdvisor in helping tourists to make informed decisions and in increasing the popularity of restaurants offering a higher expected quality. Our findings suggest that, although TripAdvisor's algorithm is designed to reward quality, it does not adequately meet these goals.     

对外开放、产业结构与中国森林公园旅游效率

借助DEA方法对2008~2014年中国大陆31个省份的森林公园旅游效率进行测算,并且采用Tobit模型重点研究对外开放、产业结构对中国森林公园旅游效率的影响。研究发现:中国森林公园旅游效率总体较高,但是省域之间差别较大;对外开放程度对中国森林公园旅游效率具有倒U型的显著影响,即对外开放程度对于森林公园旅游效率的边际贡献存在递减效应;产业结构(第一产业比例)对中国森林公园旅游资源利用效率具有显著的负向影响,即产业结构高级化成为推动旅游效率改善的内在因素。森林公园密度、城市人口密度对中国森林公园旅游效率具有显著地正向影响;南方林区与西南林区相对于华北林区来说,优越的地理条件更容易提高森林公园旅游资源的利用效率。基于研究提出开放程度较低的地区需要积极扩大对外开放水平;加速产业结构调整,推动产业结构合理化,以期带动森林公园旅游资源的利用效率。     

Modifying and applying time and cost blocks: The case of E-Da theme park,Kaohsiung, Taiwan

The main purpose of this study is to modify and apply a management tool called time and cost blocks (TCB). The model was modified to adjust how the “benefit indicator” was measured and further enhanced by inclusion of visitor satisfaction scores and revisiting intention. Data collection was accomplished by means of a diary-type semi-structured questionnaire, which was administered in face-to-face interviews with 655 visitors of the E-Da World theme park in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The results indicate that participation intensity (PI) and benefit indicator (BI) have a significant relationship with satisfaction and revisiting intention.     

Factors influencing theme park visitor brand-switching behaviour as based on visitor perception

With the development of theme parks, which represent a multi-million-pound industry worldwide, research investigating the factors affecting theme park visitor brand-switching behaviour is an important method for improving theme park competitiveness. In the present work, models and research hypothesis are constructed based on visitor perception, and the survey data are collected and analysed to assess the hypothesis and to revise the conceptual model in this paper. The results indicate that there are seven factors influencing visitor brand-switching behaviour: ‘visitor variety-seeking', ‘visitor satisfaction', ‘switching cost', ‘perceived value', ‘competitor attraction', ‘theme park image' and ‘visitor involvement'. The perceived value and visitor satisfaction strongly influence brand-switching behaviour as intermediate variables. Visitor variety-seeking and competitor attraction are positively related to visitor brand switching behaviour, whereas the other five factors are negatively related to visitor brand-switching behaviour.     

基于PSR模型的佳木斯市土地生态安全综合评价

研究基于PSR模型框架,从压力、状态、响应等3个准则层入手构建佳木斯土地生态安全的评价指标体系,结合熵权与变异系数的综合确权法测算各指标权重,对佳木斯市2000~2012年土地资源生态安全进行综合评价,划定其安全等级。研究表明:2000~2012年,佳木斯市的土地生态安全系统的压力指数整体低于状态指数与响应指数,呈先上升后下降再上升的波动形变化趋势,压力指数从0.084上升到0.129,下降到0.041,再上升到0.157;土地生态安全状态指数呈现先增长又下降的变化趋势,从0.158增长到0.251,再下降到0.208;土地安全状态响应指数呈现平缓的增长变化趋势,从0.140增长到0.308;压力指数、状态指数和响应指数共同决定佳木斯市土地生态安全评价的综合指数,土地生态安全指数呈现先增长后下降再增长的变化趋势,从0.381增长到0.494,下降到0.464,再增长到0.673。考察期内佳木斯土地生态安全整体处于临界安全状态,2012年上升至较安全等级。该结论为佳木斯市制定改善土地生态安全的措施提供理论依据。     

基于CVM方法的福州国家森林公园游憩价值评价

基于CVM方法对福州国家森林公园的游憩价值进行评价,调查结果得出:2015年福州国家森林公园的游憩价值为2.164亿元。游客对公园的满意度和旅游次数与游客的支付意愿呈显著正相关(p0.05),游客的家庭人口数(p0.01)、月收入(p0.01)和职称(p0.05)与游客的WTP值呈显著正相关。基于研究,景区应在生态环境、服务设施和质量上进一步挖掘公园潜在的游憩价值,并在游客森林游憩过程中,普及生态环境知识和宣传教育,提高游客的生态保护意识。     

基于聚类分析的城市公园利用者行为特性及其管理对策——以上海市中山公园为例

城市公园是城市的重要组成部分,是调节城市生态环境的重要场所,也是城市居民休憩、娱乐和活动的重要开敞空间,因此分析城市公园设施的利用情况以及利用者的行为特性,对于城市公园的建设和管理有十分重要的意义。以上海市中山公园为例,通过对该公园利用情况的分析,了解到公园的利用者大多数为青年人和老年人,且利用者范围广,利用频率高,滞留时间也较长。同时运用数量化Ⅲ类和聚类分析方法,把城市公园利用者的行为特性分为郊游式利用型、日常利用型、临时利用型、约会利用型、幼儿同行利用型、健康注重型及非日常团体活动型7大类,分析了各类利用者行为特性的特点,为今后政府部门对公园的建设和管理提供一些新的思路。     

基于熵权—模糊综合评价模型的城市土地集约利用评价——以广东省惠州市为例

进行城市土地集约利用评价对加强城市土地集约利用与管理具有重要意义,结合广东省惠州市城市发展现状,从土地投入强度、土地使用强度、土地使用效益和土地生态环境4个方面选取12项指标构建惠州市城市土地集约利用综合评价指标体系,采用熵权—模糊综合评价模型对惠州市2009—2013年城市土地集约利用情况进行综合评价,研究结果表明:(1)2009—2013年惠州市城市土地集约利用水平呈现先下降再上升的波动状态,2012年的水平为近5年最低值;(2)2013年惠州市城市土地集约利用水平虽有所改善,但从整体看,研究时段内集约利用水平都处在"较低~中等"等级。惠州市应该努力转变城市土地管理和利用方式,积极探索"低投入,高产出"的土地集约利用模式,大力发展循环经济,逐步实现城市土地配置科学化、布局合理化、使用高效化,进一步提高城市土地集约利用水平。